Physiography refers to the study of surface landform characteristics. Physiography of Nepal has been mainly divided on the basis of river, relief, structure altitude and geographical distribution. Resulted in distinct landform and topography. For the sake of convenience, the physiography of Nepal is divided as high himal, High Mountain, middle mountain, siwalik and tarai from north to south. The tarai is the flat land below 300m elevation formed by alluvial deposition. The siwalik, churiya, lies just above tarai. It ranges from 300-900 meter elevation in general. It is formed with conglomerates.

The middle mountain or the mahabharat extends widely just immediately after the siwalik. It lies between 900 to 3000 meters elevation. It has sprus, hills, river basins and valley, the arun vallley, Kathmandu valley, pokhara valley, tumlingtar, rumjatar, and salyantar lie in this belt. The high mountain also has steep and dissected landforms. The high himals is in the noethernmost part where hundreds of mountain peaks are founds.