Nepal main rivers and watersheds
Nepal is the second largest country after Brazil in water resources. There are thousands of rivers in the country. Most of the big rivers originate from the mountain and middle hill. The ricers originating from the mountain such as arun , tamakoshi , kaligandaki , karnali and so on, are snow fed rivers . these are perennial rivers .the flow water in the river originating from the middle hill decreases during winter .the rivers originating from the churiya are non-perennial so that sry up in the winter season .
There are three most important rivers systems in Nepal such as koshi ,gandaki and karnali , koshi is the longest rives of Nepal .it has sevefn tributaries namely arun sunkoshi , tamakoshi ,likhu ,dudhkoshi , indrawati and tanro that drain the eastern region of the country .Gandaki flows in the central part of the central part of the country. it has secen main tributaries namely kali-gandaki marsyangdi , trusuli ,seti , madi and daraudi , similary , karnali flows in the western part of the country . its main tributaries are humal karnali , magu karmali ,bheri , tila ,and seti besides these main rivers , there are many important rivers of second and third order some of them are mechi , kankai ,kamala, bagmati ,ratu , lai bakaiya , bakaiya mabana , tinau rapti , babai ,mahakali and so on .
Nepal soil types
There are different types of soil in Nepal. Various factors such as geology, climate and vegetation types have resulted in variations in soil properties. There is very limited research about soils in Nepal. So far, soils of Nepal can be divided into six broad types such as alluvial soil, sandy gravel soil, lacustrine soil, rucky soil and mountain soil. Alluvial soil in tarai and in river basins. It is formed by the materials deposited by rivers and it’s very fertile. The sandy gravel and gravel soil are found in churiya where gravel and conglomerate are predominately found. This is not fertile soil. There are various types of soil in the middle hill. But rocky soil is predominant. The lacustrine soil is found in the Kathmandu valley. It is formed by the deposited materials in the lake hence, it is fertile. The mountain soil is formed by where boulders, sands and stone brought by glacier are found. It is also not fertile soil.
nepal elevation zones
nepal ranges from about 60 meters of the summit 8848 meters elevation of the word . mt everest the contour lines which show the elevation , clearly , elevation goes on incraasing from south to northabout 23 percent area lies below 500 metres elevatoin . the altitude below 1000 metre covers about 36 percent area of the country. similarly , about 55 precent area lies in the altitude between 1000-5000 metres and remaining about percent area lies above the altitude of 5000 metres . more specifically about one percent area lies above 6000 metres which is covered by mountain peaks and glaciers .
Nepal physiography
Physiography refers to the study of surface landform characteristics. Physiography of Nepal has been mainly divided on the basis of river, relief, structure altitude and geographical distribution. Resulted in distinct landform and topography. For the sake of convenience, the physiography of Nepal is divided as high himal, High Mountain, middle mountain, siwalik and tarai from north to south. The tarai is the flat land below 300m elevation formed by alluvial deposition. The siwalik, churiya, lies just above tarai. It ranges from 300-900 meter elevation in general. It is formed with conglomerates.
The middle mountain or the mahabharat extends widely just immediately after the siwalik. It lies between 900 to 3000 meters elevation. It has sprus, hills, river basins and valley, the arun vallley, Kathmandu valley, pokhara valley, tumlingtar, rumjatar, and salyantar lie in this belt. The high mountain also has steep and dissected landforms. The high himals is in the noethernmost part where hundreds of mountain peaks are founds.
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